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Profit & Loss - Practice MCQs for CCAT

60 Questions Section A: Fundamentals Quantitative Aptitude

Profit & Loss Question Bank for C-CAT

Topic-wise Profit & Loss MCQs for CDAC C-CAT preparation with answers and explanations.

Q1.
A shopkeeper buys an article for ₹400 and sells it for ₹500. Find the profit percentage.
A20%
B30%
C25%
D15%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 25%

Profit = 500-400 = 100. Profit% = (100/400)×100 = 25%.

Q2.
An article is sold for ₹450 at a loss of 10%. Find the cost price.
A₹400
B₹480
C₹550
D₹500
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - ₹500

SP = CP(1 - Loss%). 450 = CP × 0.9. CP = 500.

Q3.
A man sold an article at a gain of 20%. If he had sold it for ₹60 more, he would have gained 30%. Find the cost price.
A₹500
B₹600
C₹400
D₹700
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - ₹600

10% of CP = 60. CP = 600.

Q4.
By selling 12 pencils, a shopkeeper gains the selling price of 3 pencils. His profit percentage is:
A20%
B25%
C33.33%
D40%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 33.33%

Gain = 3SP. Cost = 12SP - 3SP = 9SP. Profit% = (3/9)×100 = 33.33%.

Q5.
If the cost price is 80% of selling price, what is the profit percentage?
A20%
B25%
C30%
D15%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 25%

CP = 0.8SP. Profit = 0.2SP. Profit% = (0.2SP/0.8SP)×100 = 25%.

Q6.
An article is sold for ₹1200 at 20% profit. Find the cost price.
A₹900
B₹1000
C₹960
D₹1050
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - ₹1000

SP = CP × 1.2. CP = 1200/1.2 = 1000.

Q7.
A trader marks his goods 40% above cost price and gives 20% discount. His profit% is:
A15%
B12%
C18%
D20%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 12%

If CP=100, MP=140. SP=140×0.8=112. Profit=12%.

Q8.
On selling an article for ₹100, a man loses 20%. At what price should he sell to gain 10%?
A₹137.50
B₹125
C₹140
D₹150
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - ₹137.50

CP = 100/0.8 = 125. For 10% gain, SP = 125×1.1 = 137.50.

Q9.
A man bought 20 oranges for ₹100 and sold them at ₹6 each. His profit is:
A10%
B15%
C20%
D25%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 20%

CP = 100. SP = 20×6 = 120. Profit = 20. Profit% = 20%.

Q10.
If selling price is doubled, the profit triples. Find the profit percentage.
A50%
B100%
C75%
D66.67%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 100%

Let CP=C, SP=S, Profit=P=S-C. 2S-C=3P=3(S-C). S=2C. P=C. Profit%=100%.

Q11.
A dealer sold two machines at ₹1000 each. He made 20% profit on one and 20% loss on other. His overall result is:
ANo profit no loss
B4% loss
C4% profit
D2% loss
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 4% loss

CP1 = 1000/1.2 = 833.33. CP2 = 1000/0.8 = 1250. Total CP = 2083.33. Total SP = 2000. Loss = 4%.

Q12.
A shopkeeper mixes 30 kg of rice @ ₹40/kg with 20 kg @ ₹50/kg. At what price should he sell to gain 10%?
A₹46.20/kg
B₹48.40/kg
C₹44/kg
D₹49.50/kg
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - ₹48.40/kg

Total cost = 30×40 + 20×50 = 1200+1000 = 2200. CP/kg = 2200/50 = 44. SP = 44×1.1 = 48.40.

Q13.
By selling 45 lemons, a vendor loses a sum equal to SP of 5 lemons. His loss% is:
A10%
B9.09%
C12.5%
D11.11%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 11.11%

Let SP of 1 lemon = 1. Total SP = 45. Loss = 5. CP = 50. Loss% = 5/45 × 100 = 11.11%.

Q14.
A man buys apples at 10 for ₹8 and sells at 8 for ₹10. His profit% is:
A25%
B36%
C56.25%
D50%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 56.25%

CP of 1 apple = 0.80. SP of 1 apple = 1.25. Profit = 0.45. Profit% = (0.45/0.80)×100 = 56.25%.

Q15.
A trader claims to sell at cost price but uses 900g weight instead of 1kg. His profit% is:
A10%
B15%
C12.5%
D11.11%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 11.11%

He sells 900g for price of 1000g. Profit = 100g on 900g. Profit% = (100/900)×100 = 11.11%.

Q16.
Marked price of an article is ₹500. After 10% discount and 20% tax, the final price is:
A₹540
B₹550
C₹560
D₹575
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - ₹540

After 10% discount = 500×0.9 = 450. After 20% tax = 450×1.2 = 540.

Q17.
A person sells 1/3 of his goods at 15% profit, 1/4 at 20% profit and rest at 24% profit. Overall profit% is:
A18%
B21%
C20%
D19%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 19%

Rest = 1 - 1/3 - 1/4 = 5/12. Profit = (1/3×15) + (1/4×20) + (5/12×24) = 5+5+10 = 20. But dividing by parts...

Q18.
Cost price of 15 articles is equal to selling price of 12 articles. Profit% is:
A20%
B33.33%
C30%
D25%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 25%

Let CP = 1. Then 15 = 12×SP. SP = 15/12 = 1.25. Profit = 25%.

Q19.
A loss of 5% was suffered by selling a watch for ₹1140. At what price should it be sold to gain 5%?
A₹1260
B₹1240
C₹1200
D₹1300
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - ₹1260

CP = 1140/0.95 = 1200. For 5% gain, SP = 1200×1.05 = 1260.

Q20.
An article was sold at 10% loss. Had it been sold for ₹90 more, there would have been 5% profit. Find CP.
A₹500
B₹700
C₹600
D₹800
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - ₹600

Let CP = x. 0.9x + 90 = 1.05x. 0.15x = 90. x = 600.

Q21.
A man buys an article for ₹800 and sells it for ₹920. His profit percentage is:
A15%
B12%
C10%
D20%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - 15%

Profit = 920-800 = 120. Profit% = (120/800)×100 = 15%.

Q22.
By selling an article at ₹450, a shopkeeper loses 10%. At what price should he sell it to gain 10%?
A₹500
B₹550
C₹600
D₹525
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - ₹550

CP = 450/0.9 = 500. SP for 10% gain = 500×1.1 = 550.

Q23.
A dealer buys 15 articles for Rs.25 each and sells 12 at Rs.30 and rest at Rs.22. Overall profit/loss?
ARs.51 profit
BRs.9 loss
CRs.15 profit
DRs.6 profit
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - Rs.51 profit

Total cost = 15 x 25 = 375. Revenue = 12 x 30 + 3 x 22 = 360 + 66 = 426. Profit = 426 - 375 = Rs.51.

Q24.
If selling price is double the cost price, the profit percentage is:
A200%
B100%
C50%
D150%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 100%

SP = 2CP. Profit = CP. Profit% = (CP/CP)×100 = 100%.

Q25.
A shopkeeper marks his goods at 50% above cost price and gives 20% discount. His profit percentage is:
A15%
B30%
C25%
D20%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 20%

CP=100, MP=150, SP=150×0.8=120. Profit=20%.

Q26.
An article is sold at a loss of 20%. Had it been sold for ₹100 more, the gain would have been 5%. Find CP.
A₹350
B₹500
C₹400
D₹450
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - ₹400

0.8CP + 100 = 1.05CP. 100 = 0.25CP. CP = 400.

Q27.
A man sells two articles at ₹990 each. On one he gains 10% and on the other loses 10%. Net result?
A1% loss
BNo profit no loss
C2% loss
D1% gain
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - 1% loss

When SP is same with equal gain and loss%, there's always a loss. Loss% = (10/10)2 = 1%.

Q28.
Cost price of 20 articles equals selling price of 15 articles. Profit percentage is:
A20%
B25%
C33.33%
D30%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 33.33%

20CP = 15SP. SP/CP = 20/15 = 4/3. Profit = 1/3 × 100 = 33.33%.

Q29.
A trader allows a discount of 15% on marked price. If marked price is ₹600, the selling price is:
A₹520
B₹510
C₹490
D₹500
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - ₹510

SP = 600 × 0.85 = 510.

Q30.
If an article is sold at 5% gain instead of 5% loss, ₹50 more is obtained. The cost price is:
A₹250
B₹400
C₹600
D₹500
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - ₹500

1.05CP - 0.95CP = 50. 0.10CP = 50. CP = 500.

Q31.
A shopkeeper cheats by using a weight that is 10% less. His profit percentage is:
A12.5%
B10%
C11.11%
D9.09%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 11.11%

He gives 900g instead of 1000g. Profit = (100/900)×100 = 11.11%.

Q32.
By selling 33 metres of cloth, one gains the selling price of 11 metres. The gain percentage is:
A40%
B33.33%
C25%
D50%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 50%

Profit on 33m = SP of 11m. So 33SP - 33CP = 11SP. 22SP = 33CP. SP/CP = 3/2. Profit = 50%.

Q33.
A bought an item at 20% discount on list price. He sold it at list price. His gain is:
A25%
B20%
C30%
D15%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - 25%

CP = 0.8×LP. SP = LP. Gain = 0.2LP/0.8LP = 25%.

Q34.
If SP = ₹1200 and loss = 20%, find CP.
A₹1600
B₹1440
C₹1500
D₹1350
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - ₹1500

SP = 0.8×CP. CP = 1200/0.8 = 1500.

Q35.
Profit made on an article is 25% of the selling price. What is the profit percentage on cost price?
A33.33%
B25%
C30%
D20%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - 33.33%

P = 0.25SP. SP = CP + P. So P = 0.25(CP+P). 0.75P = 0.25CP. P = CP/3. Profit% = 33.33%.

Q36.
A sells to B at 10% profit. B sells to C at 20% profit. If C pays ₹660, what did A pay?
A₹500
B₹550
C₹600
D₹450
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - ₹500

B's SP = 660. B's CP = 660/1.2 = 550. A's SP = 550. A's CP = 550/1.1 = 500.

Q37.
A man bought oranges at 5 for ₹10 and sold at 4 for ₹10. His profit percentage is:
A20%
B25%
C30%
D15%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 25%

CP per orange = 2. SP per orange = 2.5. Profit = 0.5. Profit% = (0.5/2)×100 = 25%.

Q38.
Two articles are bought for ₹5000 each. First sold at 20% profit, second at 10% loss. Overall gain/loss?
A₹500 loss
B₹1000 profit
C₹500 profit
DNo profit no loss
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - ₹500 profit

Gain on first = 1000. Loss on second = 500. Net = ₹500 profit.

Q39.
A dishonest dealer professes to sell at CP but uses 800g weight for 1kg. His gain percentage is:
A30%
B20%
C15%
D25%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 25%

He sells 800g at price of 1000g. Profit = (200/800)×100 = 25%.

Q40.
An article is marked at ₹500. After two successive discounts of 10% and 5%, the selling price is:
A₹427.50
B₹425
C₹430
D₹435
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - ₹427.50

After 10%: 500×0.9=450. After 5%: 450×0.95=427.50.

Q41.
The cost price of 15 pens is equal to the selling price of 12 pens. The profit percentage is:
A20%
B25%
C30%
D15%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 25%

15CP = 12SP. SP/CP = 15/12 = 5/4. Profit = (1/4)×100 = 25%.

Q42.
A vendor sold half the fruits at 40% profit and rest were spoiled. His overall profit/loss is:
A20% profit
B10% loss
C30% loss
DNo profit no loss
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 30% loss

If total cost is 100, half the fruits cost 50 and are sold at 40% profit for 70. The remaining half gives no revenue. Total revenue is 70, so the overall loss is 30%.

Q43.
If the marked price of an item is ₹800 and cost price is ₹600, the maximum discount percentage for no loss is:
A30%
B20%
C25%
D15%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 25%

For no loss, SP ≥ CP = 600. Discount = (800-600)/800 × 100 = 25%.

Q44.
A trader gains 20% even after allowing 10% discount. His markup percentage is:
A33.33%
B30%
C25%
D35%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - 33.33%

Let CP=100. SP=120. MP×0.9=120. MP=133.33. Markup=33.33%.

Q45.
An article was sold at ₹300 with 25% profit. What would be the loss percentage if sold at ₹200?
A25%
B20%
C16.67%
D10%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 16.67%

CP = 300/1.25 = 240. At ₹200: Loss = 40. Loss% = (40/240)×100 = 16.67%.

Q46.
A person sold an article at 10% loss. If he had sold it for ₹90 more, he would have gained 5%. The CP is:
A₹600
B₹500
C₹700
D₹800
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - ₹600

1.05CP - 0.9CP = 90. 0.15CP = 90. CP = 600.

Q47.
Two successive discounts of 20% each are equal to a single discount of:
A38%
B40%
C35%
D36%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 36%

Single discount = 20+20-(20×20/100) = 40-4 = 36%.

Q48.
A sells a bicycle to B at 10% profit. B sells it to C at 5% loss. If C pays ₹1045, the original cost for A was:
A₹1000
B₹950
C₹1100
D₹900
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - ₹1000

B's SP=1045. B's CP=1045/0.95=1100. A's SP=1100. A's CP=1100/1.1=1000.

Q49.
If selling 10 items gives profit equal to cost price of 3 items, the profit percentage is:
A35%
B25%
C33.33%
D30%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D - 30%

Profit on 10 items = 3CP. Per item profit = 0.3CP. Profit% = (0.3/1)×100 = 30%.

Q50.
A businessman earns 15% on investment and loses 10% on another equal investment. His net gain/loss percentage is:
A5% gain
B2.5% gain
C2.5% loss
D5% loss
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 2.5% gain

Net = (15-10)/2 = 2.5% gain.

Q51.
A seller gives two successive discounts of 20% and 10% and still earns 8% profit. Marked price is what percent above cost price?
A40%
B45%
C50%
D55%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 50%

Selling factor after discounts = 0.8 x 0.9 = 0.72. Need SP=1.08CP, so MP=1.08/0.72=1.5CP.

Q52.
An item sold at 15% profit would have given Rs. 90 more if sold at 24% profit. Cost price is:
ARs. 800
BRs. 900
CRs. 1000
DRs. 1200
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - Rs. 1000

Difference 9% of CP = 90, so CP = 1000.

Q53.
A dishonest dealer professes to sell at cost price but uses 900 g instead of 1 kg. Profit percent is:
A10%
B11.11%
C12.5%
D9.09%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 11.11%

He charges for 1000 g but gives 900 g. Profit = 100/900 x 100 = 11.11%.

Q54.
A product is sold at a loss of 12%. If it were sold for Rs. 72 more, there would be 6% profit. Cost price is:
ARs. 360
BRs. 400
CRs. 450
DRs. 500
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - Rs. 400

Difference between -12% and +6% is 18% of CP = 72. CP = 400.

Q55.
A shopkeeper marks goods 60% above CP and allows 25% discount. Profit percent is:
A15%
B20%
C25%
D30%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 20%

SP = 160 x 0.75 = 120 if CP=100. Profit = 20%.

Q56.
Selling price of 12 articles equals cost price of 15 articles. Profit percent is:
A20%
B25%
C30%
D33.33%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B - 25%

SP per article = 15/12 CP = 1.25 CP, so profit is 25%.

Q57.
A trader sells two articles for Rs. 1200 each, one at 20% profit and one at 20% loss. Overall result is:
ANo profit no loss
B4% profit
C4% loss
D5% loss
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 4% loss

Equal selling prices with same gain/loss percent cause loss = x2/100 = 4%.

Q58.
If profit is 25% of selling price, profit percent on cost price is:
A25%
B30%
C33.33%
D40%
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - 33.33%

Let SP=100, profit=25, CP=75. Profit on CP = 25/75 x 100 = 33.33%.

Q59.
A sells to B at 10% profit; B sells to C at 20% profit. If C pays Rs. 660, A's cost price is:
ARs. 500
BRs. 520
CRs. 550
DRs. 600
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A - Rs. 500

Final factor = 1.1 x 1.2 = 1.32. A's CP = 660/1.32 = 500.

Q60.
After a 16.67% loss, an item sells for Rs. 750. Cost price is:
ARs. 850
BRs. 875
CRs. 900
DRs. 925
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C - Rs. 900

16.67% = 1/6 loss, so SP = 5/6 CP. CP = 750 x 6/5 = 900.

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