AI Fundamentals — Practice MCQs for CCAT

Correct Answer: B — Human intelligence by machines

AI involves creating systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

Correct Answer: B — Whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from human

The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing, tests if a machine's responses are indistinguishable from a human's.

Correct Answer: B — Spam email filter

Narrow AI (Weak AI) is designed for specific tasks like spam filtering, chess playing, or voice assistants.

Correct Answer: B — AI with human-level intelligence across all domains

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) would have human-level intelligence and ability to learn any intellectual task.

Correct Answer: B — Knowledge base and inference rules

Expert systems use knowledge bases and inference engines to emulate decision-making of human experts.

Correct Answer: B — Problem-solving approach using practical methods

Heuristics are practical problem-solving approaches that may not be optimal but are sufficient for immediate goals.

Correct Answer: B — Finding solutions in problem spaces

Search algorithms explore problem spaces to find solutions, paths, or optimal states.

Correct Answer: B — Optimal pathfinding using heuristics

A* is a best-first search algorithm that finds optimal paths using heuristics to guide the search.

Correct Answer: B — Encoding information for reasoning

Knowledge representation encodes information in a form that AI systems can use for reasoning and inference.

Correct Answer: B — Perceive environment and take actions to achieve goals

Intelligent agents perceive their environment through sensors and act upon it through actuators to achieve goals.

Correct Answer: A — Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors

PEAS describes an agent's Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors.

Correct Answer: B — Degrees of truth between 0 and 1

Fuzzy logic deals with degrees of truth rather than strict true/false, handling uncertainty and vagueness.

Correct Answer: B — Biological evolution

Genetic algorithms use concepts from natural evolution: selection, crossover, and mutation to solve optimization problems.

Correct Answer: B — Whether computers can truly understand

Searle's Chinese Room argues that symbol manipulation (like programs) doesn't constitute genuine understanding.

Correct Answer: B — Generating sequence of actions to achieve goals

AI planning generates sequences of actions that transform an initial state into a desired goal state.

Correct Answer: B — Assigning values to variables satisfying all constraints

CSPs find assignments to variables that satisfy all constraints, used in scheduling, puzzles, etc.

Correct Answer: B — All nodes at current depth before deeper levels

BFS explores all nodes at the current depth level before moving to the next depth level.

Correct Answer: B — Stack data structure

DFS uses a stack (or recursion) to explore as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.

Correct Answer: B — Game playing (adversarial search)

Minimax is used in two-player games to minimize the maximum possible loss (optimal adversarial play).

Correct Answer: B — Eliminating branches that won't affect the outcome

Alpha-beta pruning eliminates branches that cannot influence the final decision, reducing search space.